Potential of an Interorgan Network Mediated by Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products in a Rat Model

Excessive intake of glucose and fructose in beverages and foods containing high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) plays a significant role in the progression of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD). Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which have been designated as toxic AGEs (TAGE), are involved in LSRD progression. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of TAGE on gene expression in the kidneys remains limited. In this study, DNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to investigate whether HFCS-consuming Wister rats generated increased intracellular serum TAGE levels, as well as the potential role of TAGE in liver and kidney dysfunction. HFCS consumption resulted in significant accumulation of TAGE in the serum and liver of rats, and induced changes in gene expression in the kidneys without TAGE accumulation or upregulation of receptor for AGEs (RAGE) upregulation. Changes in specific gene expression profiles in the kidney were more correlated with TAGE levels in the liver tissue than in the serum. These findings suggest a direct or indirect interaction may be present between the liver and kidneys that does not involve serum TAGE or RAGE. The involvement of internal signal transduction factors such as exosomes or cytokines without IL-1β and TNF-α is suggested to contribute to the observed changes in kidney gene expression.     

Toxic anterior segment syndrome presenting as isolated cystoid macular edema after removal of entrapped ophthalmic ointment

We report a case of ophthalmic antibiotic ointment in the anterior chamber following uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Antibiotic ointment was observed in the superior angle beneath the clear corneal wound one month later. The patient remained asymptomatic for 26 months after surgery until mild iritis developed. The ointment was removed through a limbal incision superiorly via passive expression. Visual acuity declined to 20/200 after explantation on postoperative day one. Fluorescein angiography revealed cystoid macular edema. The treatment was refractory to topical steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, however responded well to intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Ophthalmic ointments may ingress into the anterior chamber through unstable clear corneal incisions. Although a globule of ointment may remain inert for a long time, its delayed extraction may be associated with cystoid macular edema.     

不同药物对急性中毒性肾衰家兔作用效果的比较

目的观察10%葡萄糖、0.9%氯化钠溶液、肾上腺素对急性中毒性肾衰家兔的作用效果。方法制备家兔急性中毒性肾衰模型,观察急性中毒性肾衰状态下家兔动脉血压、心率、血尿素氮、血清肌酐的变化,以及注射10%葡萄糖、0.9%氯化钠溶液、肾上腺素对肾衰家兔动脉血压、心率、血尿素氮、血清肌酐的影响。对比肾衰前后以及肾衰后各药物注射后家兔的生命体征变化。结果肾衰家兔与正常家兔相比动脉血压下降,心率略下降,血清尿素氮、肌酐明显上升;肾衰家兔注射葡萄糖后动脉血压和心率都基本不变,血清尿素氮、肌酐略上升;注射0.9%氯化钠溶液后血压升高,心率略升高,血清尿素氮、肌酐略下降;注射肾上腺素后动脉血压上升,心率下降,血清尿素氮、肌酐明显下降。结论肾上腺素对急性中毒性肾衰家兔的治疗效果最佳。     

重视药物性肝病的基础和临床研究

药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)是发达国家急性肝功能衰竭的首要病因,也是食品和药物管理局(food and drug administration,FDA)对药物采取警示的最常见的原因.重视DILI的基础和临床研究是当前刻不容缓的任务.     

Contribution of Cyanotoxins to the Ecotoxicological Role of Lichens

The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.     

口腔溃疡分布与脏腑辨证的关系探析

【目的】探讨口腔溃疡分布与脏腑辨证的关系。【方法】收集2015年1月~2016年6月口腔溃疡患者65例,比较发生于舌及唇颊部位溃疡患者的情绪、饮食、睡眠、消化道病史和家族史,以及唇颊溃疡、舌尖溃疡及舌后缘溃疡的分布与脏腑辨证的相关性,并用统计软件SAS 9.2进行统计分析。【结果】(1)舌溃疡组焦虑患者的比例比唇颊溃疡组高(P0.01),有消化道病史的比例也比唇颊溃疡组高(P0.05)。(2)唇颊溃疡多与脾虚有湿或胃肠积热有关,舌尖溃疡多以心火上炎为主,舌后缘溃疡多以肝郁化火为主,3组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。【结论】口腔溃疡的分布与脏腑辨证有关。     

经典名方济川煎主治“肾虚便秘”辨惑

济川煎出自明代医家张景岳所著的《景岳全书》，由当归、牛膝、肉苁蓉、泽泻、升麻及枳壳6味药物组成，是国家中医药管理局首批公布的百首经典名方之一。原书载“凡病涉虚损，而大便闭结不通，则硝、黄攻击等剂必不可用，若势有不得不通者，宜此主之。”笔者通过古今文献考证发现济川煎的功效主治存在古今演变，明清及近代医籍中其主治多是以原书记载的“虚性便秘”为根本展开，而现代则多围绕肾（阳）虚便秘、阴亏便秘展开，尤其是现代以来，中医院校规划教材中将济川煎的主治功效描述为肾虚便秘，笔者对此存在疑惑，并积极响应习总书记的号召，加强古典医籍精华的梳理和挖掘，以《景岳全书》为基础，通过原文探析、药物组成、溯源及后世发挥3个方面进行分析论证，得出济川煎是因“虚人便秘，津液亏虚，法当急下”而设，治疗虚人津亏便秘证，而非现代教材所描述的“肾虚便秘”证。济川煎的创立有渊源，后世医家从肝肾角度、土湿木郁来理解济川煎也蕴含一定道理，但还有待临床进一步挖掘和验证。通过对济川煎功效主治的梳理与讨论，可为今后经典名方济川煎的临床应用及现代开发提供理论依据与参考。